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The Intricacies of Hummus: A Medieval Egyptian Recipe

When one thinks of hummus, the image often conjured is that of a straightforward dip made with a handful of ingredients. However, the historical roots of this beloved dish tell a much more complex tale. Today we explore a remarkable 28-ingredient recipe for hummus from 14th century Egypt, showcasing not only the culinary artistry of the time but also the cultural significance of food.

A Culinary Gem from Medieval Egypt

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Our journey begins with the 'Kanz al-fawa'id fi tanwi al-mawa'id', or 'Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table'—a comprehensive cookbook from 14th century Cairo. Amid its collection of over 800 recipes, there are no fewer than 10 varieties of hummus, each more intricate than what is commonly made today. This specific recipe, known as Hummus Kassa, stands out for its exceptional complexity and involves a blend of various flavors and ingredients.

The Recipe Breakdown

The preparation of Hummus Kassa requires a staggering array of components:

  1. Boiled chickpeas

  2. White wine vinegar

  3. Sweet olive oil

  4. Tahini

  5. Black pepper

  6. Atraf tib (a complex spice mixture)

  7. Fresh mint

  8. Macedonian parsley

  9. Dried rue

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  1. Nuts (walnuts, almonds, pistachios, hazelnuts)

  2. Ceylon cinnamon

  3. Toasted caraway seeds

  4. Coriander

  5. Rock salt

  6. Salt-preserved lemon

  7. Chopped pitted olives

This recipe requires not only basic ingredients but also an array of 10 additional spices to make the Atraf tib blend, culminating in a total of 28 ingredients. Creating this dish not only tests one's kitchen skills but also offers an insightful glimpse into the flavors and textures favored during medieval times.

The Essence of Chickpeas

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Chickpeas, regarded highly in medieval Egyptian cuisine, were valued not just for their taste but also for their medicinal properties. Within the framework of the four humors, chickpeas were considered both hot and dry, believed to be beneficial against colds while noted for their potential to cause bloating. Thus, they were perceived as both a culinary delight and a remedy.

Cooking Methodology

The recipe entails soaking the chickpeas overnight, followed by boiling them until tender, and then mashing them, preferably with a food processor to achieve a smooth consistency. The process becomes layered as each ingredient is carefully incorporated, allowing time for the flavors to meld together, traditionally necessitating an overnight refrigeration.

Culinary Hygiene and Practices

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As we examine the broader context of 'Kanz al-fawa'id,' the text is not merely a collection of recipes, but a significant source of cooking advice and cultural norms from a bygone era. The anonymous author emphasizes cleanliness, advising cooks to maintain tidy kitchens and even specifying how to handle ingredients like onions meticulously. It reveals societal attitudes towards hygiene, with humorous anecdotes about how to mask unpleasant odors from spoiled meat in stark contrast to the meticulous care required for vegetables.

Historical Significance

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Insights from the text reveal that many common people in medieval Cairo sourced their meals from bustling markets rather than preparing them at home. Historical accounts recount splendid banquets held by rulers of the Fatimid Caliphate, where lavish amounts of food, sometimes totaling 500 dishes, were prepared for guests. This not only signifies the importance of food as a cultural staple but also reflects the communal aspect of feasting and sharing.

Tasting the Past

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Upon resting, the Hummus Kassa is ready for consumption. The combination of flavors—from the robust olives to the fresh mint—creates a complex yet harmonious taste experience. Despite its gritty texture, due to the variety of nuts, the blend of spices is so well integrated that no single flavor dominates—making it a delight for the palate.

Conclusion

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In conclusion, the making of Hummus Kassa not only showcases a delicious medieval recipe but invites us to reflect on the historical significance surrounding food practices in the past. It serves as a testament to the culinary traditions that continue to influence modern gastronomy while inviting us to appreciate the intricate flavors and social culture from centuries ago. Embracing the past, the recipe is a grand reminder of the culinary richness that hummus has embodied throughout history.