The Danube Delta and the Razim Lagoon Complex, which have a stretch of 4340kmp, represent the newest natural unit in our country. The deltaic sector on the territory of Romania totals 2540kmp.
The geographical position is defined by the following elements:
· It is located in the southeastern part of the country, being located in the northeast of Dobrogea Plateau;
· Crossed by the parallel 45 degrees north latitude;
· Sulina is the easternmost point in Romania.
The Danube delta is a low region, which, 10,000 years ago, after the rise of the Black Sea waters, has been turned into a bay. The alluviums transported by the Danube and those brought by the sea currents have created sandbanks deployed from west to east and from north to south, respectively. When these reached the surface of the water, in the bay appeared the dry land, or the beams (with varying dimensions), framed by the channels through which the river waters flowed.
Historical and geographic testimonies about the Danube Delta appear in numerous texts and maps since antiquity. For example, Herodotus (the 5th century BC) indicated a space of sandy jets between which there were water arms, and Strabo indicated seven arms, among which there were islands, an idea resumed by Pliny the Elder , Ptolemeu sa
Relief. The delta area is a formation field consisting of positive reliefs (reliefs) and negative relief (Danube arms, canals, garleles, lake depressions)
Deltaic dry represents only 13% of the surface and consists of:
· Longitudinal riverbeds, with orientations from the west to the east, which accompany the Danube barracks;
· Fluvial-maritime girders, with directions from north to south created by the joint action of the Danube and the sea;
· Continental beams representing rests from an older village (predeltaic);
The climate of the Danube Delta is temperate continental, with east and northeast winds (which in summer bring dry and hot air from Eastern Europe and winter cold air that causes frosts and blizzards), west (wet air) and the Black Sea . The average annual temperature is about 11 degrees celsius; Winter varies very little, between -1 degree and -1.5 degrees C, and the summer is about 21 degrees C. The rainfall is low (350-450mm) and falls unevenly during the year.
Waters. Through the three main arms, the Danube flows a large amount of water (6400mc / year) and alluvia (over 67 million tons / year) distributed as follows:
· The Chilia Branch, located at nrd, transports 60% of the volume of water and alluviums and forms its own delta (secondary)
· The Sulina Branch, located in the middle of the Delta, has a recurrent course. It is permanently docked for heavy-tonnage; Transports 18% of the volume of water annually.
St. George's Gate, south-southeastern, with a relatively sinuous course, transmits 22% of the volume of water.
The flora is represented by plants such as reed, rush, rogos, water lilies, etc., in the areas with garle and marsh lakes, trees such as willow, poplar, ash and shrubs. Letea Forest has a lush look.
The fauna is varied, comprising:
· Mammals (boar, fox, enot dog, otter, mink, etc.)
· Fish (carp, pike, salau, sturgeon, sleep)
· About 300 species of birds, the majority migratory.
The soils are poorly developed, have a low thickness, most of them sandy (on the beams)
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