Lebanon is a small middle eastern country with an area of 10,000 square kilometers and a population of 6.01 million. Its northern and western neighbors are Syria, and its southern neighbor is Israel.
It was part of the Ottoman turks before 1920. In 1920, under the treaty of the treaty of the Ottoman empire, France was awarded the Syrian and Lebanese territories.
As you can see from the map, Lebanon is a small country with a very important geographical location and a natural harbor.
In order to better control Lebanon, France also has a lot of Syrian territory to Lebanon. The aim is to maintain the roughly equal number of Christian, sunni and shia populations in Lebanon, with the three factions holding each other and the French taking the overall picture.
But plans never catch up. In 1943, France withdrew from the Middle East with heavy losses in world war ii, and Lebanon gained its independence.
In history, is mainly sunni ruling factions, accumulated a lot of wealth and political capital, sunni has emerged in many senior officials and wealthy businessmen, they also have a place of the most powerful political status. Shias are mostly poor, and sunni attitudes towards shias are less about hatred than contempt.
Before the founding of Lebanon, the main political forces were the Christian maronite and the islamic druze, and after the founding of the People's Republic, the Christian maronite and the sunni Islam. The malonites held the presidency, while sunnis held the post of prime minister.
Although the role of parliament speaker has been assigned to the shiites, the role cannot be compared to the previous two. The shiites are tiny if they count the good people in society. At the time of Lebanon's founding in 1946, the malonites accounted for 40% of the social elite, 27% of sunnis and 3.2%
If according to the population, in founding, with sunni, Shiite population after forty years, due to the shia ultra high birth rate, according to estimates, its population has nearly twice as much as the sunnis, and close to the sunnis and maronite combined.
In wealth, the shias are even paler, with Lebanon's poorest people, almost all of them shia, in refugee camps. As the country's internal community solidifies, it is hard for shiites to accumulate wealth and political capital.
On the strength of the armed forces, the malonites have long formed the powerful long gun party, which has a strong fighting force with yasser arafat's Palestine liberation organization. Until the late 1970s, shias had no armed forces of their own.
As a result, shiites are the most bullied young people in Lebanon, both in times of peace and in times of war.
During the 16 years of civil war in Lebanon between 1975 and 1991, it was intermittent, but the war was carried out by various forces. The most influential of these is the Shiite hezbollah militia.
On the one hand, Lebanon's shia population is large, but without its own armed forces. On the other hand, among the three main factions in Lebanon, shias are among the worst offenders, and have been bullied by the other two. And because it is close to Israel, the shiites are the target of revenge, no matter which side of the line is causing Israel. The day was too desperate.
Most importantly, Iran became a Shiite stronghold in 1979, when the islamic revolution succeeded. The most remarkable outcome of Iran's output of revolutionary ideas is hizbullah in Lebanon.
1982 Israel invaded Lebanon. Iran has secretly sent 1,500 members of the revolutionary guards to Lebanon to help the Lebanese Shiite people form and train the armed forces, which is hezbollah.
Hezbollah in Lebanon accepts Iran's leadership, training its soldiers and sending equipment to Iran. Hezbollah's greatest characteristic is its dogged fighting and its best performance.
Hizbullah is the most daring to fight Israel. Israel is good at dealing with Egypt and Jordan, and it can do anything for hamas. Hizbullah has made Israel uncomfortable, not winning.
In 2006, Israel used a large number of aircraft missiles to try to destroy hizbullah's missile-firing system, in Numbers as much as the six-day war. In the six day war, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, aircraft missile system almost completely destroyed, but 2006 years later, hezbollah can still organize effective counterattack, asing if is immortal.
It is this spirit of fearlessness that has created a new balance between Israel and Lebanon, maintaining the peace of southern Lebanon. Hezbollah is also respected in the Lebanese factions, and is still allowed to join the government without disarming.
Hizbullah's establishment has catapulted shiites from Lebanon's most insignificant role to the most powerful voice in the shia population.
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