First scratch "Kriya Art Abroad"
A. Understanding Kriya Art
Art craft is a branch of art that emphasizes the high hand skills in the process. The art of craft is derived from the word "Kr" (Sanskrit) which means 'to do', from the root of the word then to work, craft and work. In a special sense is to do something to produce objects or objects of artistic value "(Prof. Dr. Timbul Haryono: 2002).
B. Elements of Kriya Art Work
Craft art prioritizes the application or function should be met the following conditions:
- Utility or usability aspect
- Security is a guarantee about the security of people using the goods.
- Comfortable, ie delish to use. Good stuff
used is called a stuffed goods. Applied goods are goods that have a high practical value. - Flexibility, ie flexibility of use. Art craft goods is a stuff that is the form of goods in accordance with its usefulness or application. Stuff is required to provide convenience and flexibility of use so that users do not have difficulty in its use.
- Aesthetics or terms of beauty
- An applied goods no matter how good to wear if unsightly then the wearer of the goods is not satisfied. Beauty can add a sense of fun, comfortable and satisfied for the wearer. The encouragement of people using, possessing, and loving becomes higher if the goods are embellished and aesthetic tangible.
C. The Function and Purpose of Creation of Kriya Art
The function of and purpose of the art of craft are:
- As a wear object, the art of craft that is created prioritizes its function, as for the element of beauty is just as a supporter.
- As an ornamental object, the art of craft is made as a display item or decoration. This type is more highlighting aspects of beauty than aspects of usefulness or terms of function.
- As a toy item, is a craft art that is made to be used as a game tool
D. Types of Kriya Art in Nusantara
Leather craft art, is a craft that uses raw materials from cooked leather, raw leather or synthetic leather. For example: bags, shoes, puppets and others.
Art of metal craft, is a craft that uses metal materials such as iron, bronze, gold, silver. While the techniques used usually use a cast system, carving, forgings or in accordance with the desired shape. For example knives, accessories goods, and others.
Art of wood carving, that is handicraft which use material from wood that is done or formed using carving roses. Wood that is usually used is: teak wood, mahogany, waru, sawo, jackfruit and others. Examples of furniture, reliefs and others.
Art of wicker craft, this handicraft usually use the material of rattan, bamboo, palm leaves, pandan leaves, tree fiber, banana tree, water hyacinth, etc .. For example: hats, bags, baskets and others.
Art of batik handicraft, that is art making decorative pattern on top of cloth with process of writing technique (casting) or printing technique (printing). For example: clothes, dresses and others.
E. Example of foreign crafts artGreece
Ancient Greek art, like the art of Ancient Egypt, is also the result of a very old age human culture. Its existence is thought to have existed in the 7th-5th century BC. Ancient Greek and Roman culture is the origin of European culture that exists today. Ancient Greek art is known through the legacy of beautiful and magnificent architecture and sculpture realist with anatomical shape is perfect. In art and architecture the important thing that remains of the Ancient Greeks is the proportion of form and division of space called the 'Golden Proportion' or the Golden Section: that the ratio of the short part to the long part is 1: 1.618. This proportion is also found in nature, namely in the growth of trees and on the growth of shellfish and also in humans. This proportion is almost applicable in every work of art and architecture (fig 78, 79).
Ancient Greek art can be divided into several periods, namely Geometric, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic. The Geometric Period began about 1000 years before Christ. At this time the pot is adorned with geometric abstract motifs and ends with eastern motifs such as lotus, lion, sphinx and ornament form progressively smoother. The Archaic period is characterized by the production of sculptures and black shapes in pots. The power of commerce is dominated by two ethnic groups namely Corinth and Athen. Production of their ceramic pots are sold throughout the region in Greece and spread to Spain, Ukraine and Italy and defeat the production of other regions. Ceramic colors at this time is limited by combustion techniques that only get black, red, white, and yellow.
In the art of his statue is strongly influenced by the statue of Rome and became a model of classical sculpture in the European region. In terms of materials influenced by Egypt and Mesopotamia which use stone but its shape is more dynamic than the Egyptian statue. There are three styles in human drawing in the statue: the statue of the naked stand, the statue stands with a drape on his clothes, and a sitting statue. All illustrate the understanding of perfection with the precision of the anatomy of human body shape. This became a very basic subject in Greek artistry, seeing the god's body shape is similar to that of the human body, there is no difference between sacred art and secular art. Therefore, the human body is viewed from both the holy and the earth. Until finally the community forbade the portrayal of a naked female body in the fourth century BC which caused it to be less important in the development of Greek sculpture..
The sculptures are made not merely for artistic purposes, but their manufacture is largely based on the order of the nobles and the state used as a public monument, as an offering in a religious shrine or as a sign to the grave. The sculpture does not all portray individual figures but rather the values of beauty, compassion, respect, and sacrifice. These values are always depicted in the form of a young naked body (kouros / kouroi) although placed on the grave of the elderly. The young statue of the youth (kouros / kouroi) is almost the same. Gradation in social status is described by its small size compared to its artistic value.
In the classical period (500 years before Christ) there was a major change in Greek sculpture because of the introduction of the concept of democracy that ended the noble power associated with kouroi statues. In this period there is a change of style and function of the statue, the technique of describing the pose evolved into a more naturalistic with the form of a realistic human sculpture (fig 80). The art of sculpture at this time its use expanded that is used as a relief on sacred places and burials.
In addition, the philosophers and his work also color the thoughts of people around the world today, among others, Plato, and Aristotle. Plato, for example, assumes that painting is a clone of imitation, because when a painter draws a table, the table is actually an imitation of the world of the author's idea. So according to this view the painter depicting man-made objects is imitating the imitation of the original maker.
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