Part 19With the proclamation of the republic, the state organization and the municipal administration had to correspond to the modern concept of the state alongside this great revolution. In such an understanding, a caliphate could not exist in a republic.
For this reason, on March 3, 1924, the Caliphate was abolished, which was no longer necessary, but became a bad institution of the secular and independent republican regime. The Ottoman dynasty was taken out of the country together with the last caliphate.
After the Khalifat and the pillars of the Ottoman Empire were abolished, a republican state had taken a contemporary form, and significant revolutions began to follow one another to reach the nation's contemporary level of a higher civilization level as quickly as possible. With the Union of Education Law there was unity in education and training, and a secular and national path followed. The madrasahs were closed and the republican schools adopted contemporary culture.
During this time, the revolution of clothing and fashion took place. The monopolies that oppressed the people were closed and the Ministry of Seriye and Evkaf was abolished. By adopting the secular state principle, religion and state affairs were finally separated. In the field of law, the serial courts and Mecelle were abolished and numerous new laws were enacted in addition to the Turkish Civil Code.
Great importance was attached to science and culture. The foundation of the Turkish Historical Society and the Turkish Language Association led to important work on Turkish history and language. One of Atatürk's greatest works, the Letter Revolution, took place and the Arabic letters were abandoned and the Turkish alphabet was henceforth based on Latin letters. A comprehensive reform was carried out at the university, giving it a contemporary quality, while various faculties and lectures were opened. International calendar, time and numbers were accepted. With the reform of women's rights, the right to vote and be elected for Turkish women was recognised. Importance was attached to the economic movement and trade and national industry were developed. Agricultural activities were expanded. Health care has been given importance. A strong army was formed. The new Turkey received the bases of the state of all these revolutions the name "The Atatürk Revolution". In the villages the revolutions in the country progressed faster and were accepted by the whole people and in the meantime the Republican People's Party was founded and republicanism, nationalism, populism, etatism was accepted as the principles of secularism and revolutionary politics of Turkey.
Against this forced upheaval, which brought the nation to contemporary civilization, there was a group that formed the opposition, was very concerned at the time and still wanted to hold on to the old ottoman Khalifat traditions. This group, with its representatives in the political sphere, made Atatürk responsible for everything that was not going well and where there were problems. But it was known that this group of opposition organized every riot and also put the stones in the way so that the new Turkish state and republic must failed. In June 1926 the opposition even tryed to murder Atatürk in Izmir with an assassination attempt. They failed and were condemned for days by the nation for this outrage. After that, the nation got again unit but this time stronger and the opposition failed instead of the new state!
The great leader and founder of the new Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Pasha, wrote about the Turkish struggle for independence and his views after the success of the revolution. In 1927, he read it out in front of the fascinating oratorio of the Party Congress, which lasted six days. This work, called "Nutuk", which is full of opinions, commentaries and critiques, became one of the most important works of Turkish literature and history.
After the liberation Mustafa Kemal Pasa often spoke about the ideology of the revolutions and the new Turkish state. In 1934 the assembly gave him the name "ATATÜRK" according to a special law. In the last years the great man worked with long lasting effort and tension for the annexation of Hatays.
Over the years his state of health became not so good and he had liver insufficiency diagnozed which then led to cirhose. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk spent his last days sick and in bed. On Thursday, November 10, 1938, the founder of the new Turkey closed his eyes in the Dolmabahçe Palace at 9:05 a.m.. His death struck waves all over the world and also had great effects and caused big sorrow.
The body of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was placed in the Dolmabahçe Palace, in a special coffin. The holy coffin was guarded by friends from all over the world and the armed arms for three days, during which the people were allowed to visit the great leader and savior of the nation and on November 20, 1938 the coffin was brought to Ankara.
On November 21, 1938, a great ceremony took place on the square of the Ethnological Museum. Special envoys for the funeral were sent to all the world states, and it was particularly remarkable that the generals who fought against Turkey and Mustafa Kemal Atatürk were present to grant this man his last honour.
On November 10, 1953, he was removed from the temporary grave of the Ethnographic Museum and taken to Anitkabir with a great ceremony where he still lies today and where he can be visited.
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