Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (17 March 1920 - 15 August 1975) is the first President of Bangladesh and one of the most influential political personalities of the Indian subcontinent, who led the struggle for establishing Bangladesh from the British India to the partition of India and later from East Pakistan to protect the rights of the Bengalis. As the modern architect of ancient Bengali civilization, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is said to be the father of the nation's father or nation. He is the President of the Awami League founded by Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani, the first President of Bangladesh and later the Prime Minister of this country. He is more known to the public as Sheikh Mujib and Sheikh Sahib and his title Bangabandhu. Her daughter Sheikh Hasina is the current president of Bangladesh Awami League and the present Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
Birth and education
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was born in Tungipara village under Patgati union of Gopalganj subdivision of Faridpur district of the Indian subcontinent. [2] His father Sheikh Lutfar Rahman was the custodian of the Gopalganj sessions court (who preserved the accounts of the court) and mother's name was Saera Khatun. He was the third child of four daughters and two sons. His elder sister Fatima Begum, Maja sister Aasia Begum, Sage sister Helen and younger sister Laili; The name of his younger brother, Sheikh Abu Naser. In 1927 Sheikh Mujib started his education at the Gymdanga Primary School when he was seven years old. At the age of nine, he was admitted to Gopalganj Public School in 1929, and studied there till 1934. In 1937, he was admitted to Mathuranath Institute Mission School in Gopalganj for the seventh grade. He could not continue his schooling for four years from 1934. Because of the complex disease in his eyes surgery had to be done and it took quite a while to recover from this. He passed Matriculation from Gopalganj Missionary School. [3] Fazilatunnesa got married in 1938 when he was eighteen. Two couples and three sons were born in this couple's house. The daughters are Sheikh Hasina and Sheikh Rehana The names of the boys are Sheikh Kamal, Sheikh Jamal and Sheikh Russell. [3] Three sons were killed by the assassin on 15th August 1975.
Political life
Mujib's political career began in 1939 when he attended missionary school. This year, the school was visited by Sher-e-Bangla AK Fazlul Huq, Chief Minister of Bengal Presidency and later Prime Minister of Bangladesh and also Husain Shahid Suhrawardy, who served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan. He went to them with a team based on the demand for renovation of the school, which led him to lead. In 1940, the All India Muslim Students Federation joined the federation. There he was elected for one year. After passing Entrance in 1942, Calcutta Islamia College (now known as Maulana Azad College) got admitted to the law. The college affiliated to the University of Calcutta was quite prominent. From this college actively started student politics. In 1943, he joined the Bengal Muslim League and came in close contact with leading Kashmiri-Muslim Muslim leader Hussein Shaheed Suhrawardy. The main theme of his student movement was the movement for establishment of Pakistan as a separate Muslim state. In 1943, the councilor of Bengal Muslim League was elected.
In 1944, the conference of Nikhil Bangla Muslim Student League was held in Kushtia of present day Bangladesh. Sheikh Mujib played a special role in this conference. He was elected the secretary of "Faridpur District Association" prepared with Faridpur residents residing in Calcutta. Two years later, Islamia College Student Union was elected the Secretary General. In the year 1947, ie the year of partition, Mujib obtained BA degree from Islamia College under the University of Calcutta. During the separation of India and Pakistan, there was a horrific Hindu-Muslim riot in Calcutta. During this time, Mujib joined Suhrawardy as a part of various political activities to save the Muslims and bring the riots under control. [4]
After the separation of Pakistan-India, Sheikh Mujib returned to East Pakistan and was admitted to the Law Department of Dhaka University. He founded the East Pakistan Muslim Student League on January 4, 1948, through which he became one of the chief student leaders of that province. At this time, he leaned toward socialism and remembered it as the only solution for the development of poverty, unemployment and poor living conditions.
Election of 1970 and independence war
Awami League achieved absolute majority in the Provincial Legislative Assembly under the leadership of Sheikh Mujib in the 1970 elections. [2] Awami League achieved the majority of the Jatiya Sangsad to win all but two seats in the East Pakistan quota. The results of the election polemose between two parts of Pakistan. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the leader of West Pakistan's largest political party, strongly opposes Mujib's autonomy policy. Bhutto threatened to boycott the Assembly, announcing that President Yahya Khan will not accept the government when he calls on Mujib to form the government.
In political instability, Yahya Khan was delaying calling the parliament. The Bengalis understood that Mujib's party will not be allowed to form the government even after being majority. [6] On 7 March 1971, at a rally in Race Course ground Sheikh Mujib called for independence and prepared the people for the All-India Non-Cooperation Movement.
Yahya Khan issued martial law, banned Awami League and ordered the arrest of other leaders of Awami League including Mujib. The Pakistani military started operations searchlight on March 25 to curb political and public dissatisfaction. Mujibur Rahman announced the independence of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971. [4] [10] [11] The announcement of freedom through Wireless from the house of Dhanmondi 32nd house. The translation of the original announcement is as follows:
"That may be my last message, Bangladesh is independent from today. I call upon the people of Bangladesh, wherever you are, with all your resources, end the resistance against the occupation army. To overthrow the last Pakistani soldier from the soil of Bangladesh and to win the final victory. Continue "
Mujib was arrested and taken to West Pakistan and was held in a jail in Faisalabad. Pakistani General Rahimuddin Khan led the case of Mujib. The actual procedure and verdict of the case have never been published in public. [2] This case is referred to as the "Lailpur Trials".
The Pakistan Army's campaign to control the situation took the form of violence and intense bloodshed within a short time. With the help of the Razakars, the Pakistan army attacked ordinary people, including Bengali intellectuals, politicians and union leaders. Throughout the year, due to special campaign targeting Bengali and non-Bengali Hindus, many Hindu people cross the border and take shelter in neighboring West Bengal, Assam and Tripura throughout the year. The members of East Bengal, who were working in the regime of the Pakistan Army and the Police Registry, rapidly rebelled and the League members formed the government of Bangladesh in the expatriate leadership of Tajuddin Ahmed in Calcutta. The liberation of the freedom fighters in East Pakistan began to take place a great rebellion. Despite the international pressure, the Pakistani government refused to release Mujib and negotiate with him. [12]
During the war, Mujib's family was kept under house arrest. His son Sheikh Kamal was an important officer of the Mukti Bahini. The war between the freedom fighters and the Pakistan army is known as the liberation war of Bangladesh. After the participation of the Indian government in 1971, the Pakistani army surrendered to the joint forces of the Muktibahini and the Indian Army and League leaders formed the government back in Dhaka. Pakistani regime released Mujib on 8 January 1972. Then he returned to New Delhi via London and greeted him with publicly "Indian people, the best friend of my people" after meeting with Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. [13] She returned to Bangladesh on January 10, 1972. With Gandhi on that day he gave lectures to nearly five lakh people gathered in Dhaka
Criticism and achievement
According to some historians, Sheikh Mujib and his party exaggerated the conflicts and inequalities of East and West Pakistan, and independence brings losses to industrial and human resources in Bangladesh. [30] Saudi Arabia and the Chinese government criticize Sheikh Mujib and recognize many countries Bangladesh until Mujib's death Did not. [31]
Many historians have identified Mujib as a leader in the rebellion and in his view, he inspires nationalist movement, but states that it is inefficient in governance. During the reign of Bangladesh's leader, Muslim religious leaders criticized Mujib for his policy of secularism. Many people have become dissatisfied with Mujib due to taking extensive co-operation from the Indian government and due to India's integration with important regional and foreign policy. Many of the critics feared that Bangladesh would become heavily dependent on India to become a satellite country. [17] Due to the rule of a group of Mujib and suppression of political opponents, a large part of the people became discontent and discarded the practice of multi-party democracy in Bangladesh for a long time. [17]
Before his return to power in 1996, after the death of Mujib's government, his negative image was created due to his opposition to Mujib. His image came back again after the Awami League came back in 1996. August 15 is observed as National Mourning Day. He is still the ideological symbol of the Awami League and the party has been holding Mujib's socialist ideology. Mujib widely regarded by the Bengali intellectuals of Bangladesh, India and the world. He is widely acclaimed to protest against the military rule of Pakistan and to protest against the religious discrimination of Pakistan and the movement of Bengalis to freedom. [29]
Mujib was considered as the greatest Bengali of all time in the world by the BBC's BBC Radio Service in 2004. [32]
Time magazine in USA (August 15, 1975, Mujib, architect's death)
"
His commendable initiative: In the next three years of independence, more than 6,000 political killings took place. Mujib declared the state of emergency when violence was spreading across the country. The extremists and extreme right-wing groups were banned, the newspapers were brought in government control and the campaign against corruption started. These initiatives were taken for greater national interest, but many became critics. To the critics, Mujib said in his vanguard speech: 'Do not forget that I only got three years' time. During this time, you can not expect any change in the situation. In the last and the last time, he became impatient to make any change in his destiny by annoying and annoying. Unfortunately, Mujib's intention was to develop his country and country's people. Mujib wanted to create a 'Sonar Bangla' till the last moment, he got the parable of 'Sonar Bangla' from poet Rabindranath Tagore, in love, Mujib selected the country's national anthem of 'Sonar Bangla'.
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