the air population is now getting worse, all the cities that we are coming now are not fresh again with the air we breathe, as well as the number of vehicles along the way, all the transactions are solid and jammed everywhere.
Observer of environmental health problem from Diponegoro University (Undip) of Semarang, Dra Nur Endah Wahyuningsih MSi, said that air pollution in Semarang is currently the third highest ranking in Indonesia, after Jakarta and Medan.
Nevertheless, said Nur Endah, there has been no strategic effort made by the local government in handling this issue. '' If not immediately addressed properly, it is not impossible pollution in this city will continue to increase, in line with industry growth, '' he said.
Admittedly, the invisible air pollution is only visible in some industrial areas. This can be seen from the amount of thick smoke that comes out of the factory chimney. In fact, added Nur Endah, there are many other pollutants, which can not be seen with the eyes, it is very dangerous.
Harmful pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), sodium dioxide (NO2), aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, ether), and so on.
According to him, the handling of air pollution problems, not only done by certain agencies. However, he said, it takes the firmness of the stakeholders to implement policies that favor environmental and human health.
Right now, it seems the City Government is only concerned to overcome the problems that are oriented to the benefit of the material (benefit cost). Like the Semarang Pesona Asia program, which was later released. Why not give priority to Semarang program as a world ecology city? It's much more useful and sustainable, '' he stressed.
Industry Added, several sources of air pollution among others, industrial activity and vehicle exhaust. For that, it takes concrete efforts in suppressing the growth rate of motor vehicles, as well as control of industrial waste.
"The concrete efforts that should soon be done Semarang City Government, one of them by requiring industry players, to manage waste properly. Not only liquid and solid waste, but also waste gas (air), '' beber Nur Endah.
He added that waste management is done, not just provide a processing installation. '' Moreover, on optimizing the functioning and processing, in accordance with the rules set, '' he said again.
Observer of urban planning from the University of Sultan Agung (Unissula) Semarang, Agus Rochani, estimates, the development of industry in Semarang will be more unstoppable, given the characteristics of this city as a city of trade and services.
The problem, not the control of industrial growth, but rather the effort of processing waste or waste generated as a whole. In order for the results in accordance with the expected, required consistency from the municipal government in overcoming this problem. So far, solving the waste problem is still interfered with the pull of industrial and settlement interests, '' he said. uly-die
The authority can be interpreted as the task of enforcing sovereignty in the air charged to the National Air Defense Command (Kohanudnas) established under Presidential Decree No. 08 / PLM-PS / 62, equivalent to the establishment of the Army, Navy and Air Force.
This formation equality has consequences in relation to the advantages and privileges of the TNI's main command (kotama), ranging from tasks, powers, and responsibilities. Obviously, this privilege is evident at the turn of Commander Kohanudnas. Participants of the ceremony consisted of troops of land, sea, air and police in the same strength. This is different from the turn of the TNI Commander only followed by troops of land, sea and air.
Kohanudnas was formed from an embryo of the sector operational center (SOC) in the face of the 1958 PRRI / Permesta rebellion. The SOC region covered Java and parts of Sumatra within a geographical boundary called the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ). It is within this limit that all foreign aircraft entering must be identifiable and subject to the applicable rules. In order for more solid and controlled air power, the President issued a decree on the establishment of Kohanudnas in early 1962, in line with the military operation Trikora.
At that time, the number of SOC more and more under the Combined Air Defense Command as one component of Mandala Command. Only in 1974 Kohanudnas? Rearranged? so it has two superiors, namely the Minister of Defense / Armed Forces Command in the command line and KSAU in the guidance and technical path. The rejuvenation of Kohanudnas was also followed by the establishment of the lower unit, the Kosud Hanudnas-I / Jakarta and Kosek Hanudnas-II / Surabaya, later shifted to Makassar
In line with the bilateral Malaysia-Indonesia hanud operation, Hanudnas-III / Medan Kosek Kosek was formed to compensate for the existence of the IUD / Tudm Division based in Butterworth, Malaysia. New in 2004 Kohanudnas developed with the formation Kosek Hanudnas-IV / Biak with ran hanud spread in Biak and Kupang, followed by Timika, Merauke, and Saumlaki.
Kotama with the special combined staff properties operated throughout the year in times of war and peace, with the concept of Active Air Defense operations and Passive Air Defense operations. The goal is the same, so that people sleep soundly.
The difference between the two operations is only the involvement of troops. At Opshanud Active, all elements of BKO (land, sea, and air) are involved. For Opshanud Passive, plus elements of BKO Polri and community.
In peacetime, hanud tiered operations are in the hands of Commander Kohanudnas, Commander of the TNI, and the Supreme Commander (President). Any action, whether overshadowing, repelling, or forcing a landing of an aircraft considered opponent, may be done
In line with the bilateral Malaysia-Indonesia hanud operation, Hanudnas-III / Medan Kosek Kosek was formed to compensate for the existence of the IUD / Tudm Division based in Butterworth, Malaysia. New in 2004 Kohanudnas developed with the formation Kosek Hanudnas-IV / Biak with ran hanud spread in Biak and Kupang, followed by Timika, Merauke, and Saumlaki.
Kotama with the special combined staff properties operated throughout the year in times of war and peace, with the concept of Active Air Defense operations and Passive Air Defense operations. The goal is the same, so that people sleep soundly.
The difference between the two operations is only the involvement of troops. At Opshanud Active, all elements of BKO (land, sea, and air) are involved. For Opshanud Passive, plus elements of BKO Polri and community.
In peacetime, hanud tiered operations are in the hands of Commander Kohanudnas, Commander of the TNI, and the Supreme Commander (President). Any action, whether overshadowing, repelling, or forcing a landing of an aircraft considered opponent, may be done
Kohanudnas. As for shooting down foreign aircraft can only be done by order of Supreme Commander after getting mandate from Parliament. However, in wartime, this path was shortened, interception (abrogation) was transferred from the Supreme Commander to the TNI Commander in the operational mandala area.
So powerful is the authority of Kohanudnas. For that reason, Kotama was initially equipped with three elements of hanud, namely Wing-100 / Missile, Wing-200, 400 / Radar, Wing-300 Aircraft Buser, and BKO from other forces.
Currently, within the limitations of budget allocations, some of the elements hanud are liquidated, leaving only 19 units of operational hanud radar. For this reason the Transmission Datas Air Situation concept was adopted since 2003, integrating the hanud and civil radar for collecting datas so that Kohanudnas can observe the national airspace after the On Line Flight Plan concept came into effect. Both of these homemade systems look good at the Bawean case and the temporary enforcement of ADIZ in post-tsunami Aceh.
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