The most notorious of such incidents is so-called The Fappening - massive 2014 hacking of iCloud which resulted in sexually explicit photos, texts and videos of countless celebrities (the best known among them, arguably was Jennifer Lawrence) being leaked to the Internet.
In my part of the world, the most (in)famous such incident occured ten years earlier, when popular Croatian singer Severina Vučković appeared on Internet video in which he had sex with Milan Lučič, Bosnian Croat businessman who was married at the time. Public was shocked not only by the graphic nature of the video, but also by that activity being at odds with Severina's image of traditional Croatian woman who promoted Catholicism and conservative values. Despite initial notoriety, this didn't end Severina's career and she later, after rebranding her image and politics, branched her career into acting.
Incidents like these, however, are less likely to have similar impact in the future, due to development of deepfake technology that would allow victims plausible deniability.
I am sure these celebrities with the best PR teams behind them can turn the tables their favor. However, in the incidence mentioned here by @markchu, the suchileaks finished the career of the girl who leaked the massive sexually abusive images on twitter. It also finished the career of the actresses like Anuya. But the bigger stars like Dhanush made it big in their favor. Thats the game of the leaks