题目描述
Given a string, find the length of the longest substring without repeating characters.
Example 1:
Input: "abcabcbb"
Output: 3
Explanation: The answer is "abc"
, with the length of 3.
Example 2:
Input: "bbbbb"
Output: 1 Explanation: The answer is "b"
, with the length of 1.
Example 3:
Input: "pwwkew"
Output: 3 Explanation: The answer is "wke"
, with the length of 3.
Note that the answer must be a substring, "pwke"
is a subsequence and not a substring.
题目意思就是, 给一个字符串, 找到字符串中, 没有重复字符的最长的子串的长度
分析
最容易想到的, 依然是暴力遍历, 用两层for循环遍历字符串s中的每一个子串,再对每个子串循环遍历计算不重复的长度, 这样有三层遍历的关系,时间复杂度O(n ^ 3)
显然这样太慢了, 反复检查每一个字符串其实是有冗余操作的,不必要检查每一段子串,因为如果下标从 i 到 j 都是不重复的元素, 我们只要检查 第 j+1个元素是否存在于下标 i — j之间就可以了。
可以用两个指针 left, i 指向字符串第一位, 然后遍历循环 i, 如果字符串中下标为 i 的值不在hash表中, 则说明当前字符没出现过,当前长度 cL 加1, 反之,如果在hash表中有下标为 i 的值, 说明之前该字符已出现过, 则我们要滑动检查字符串的左边界 left, 将它滑动到当前位置,更新检查的范围。
我的Javascript解法
/**
* @param {string}
* @return {number}
*/
var lengthOfLongestSubstring = function(s) {
let l = s.length
// 先过滤掉边界情况
if (l <= 1) { return l }
let hash = {}
// 滑动窗口(遍历检查字符串)的左边界
let left = 0
// 当前长度
let cL = 0
// 最终确定的最长长度
let fL = 0
for (let i =0; i < l; i++) {
let t = s[i]
// 如果当前hash表中,出现了当前字符, 说明之前出现过
if (hash[t] >= left) {
// 更新左边界为hash表中之前存的字符位置
left = hash[t]
// 根据当前下标,左边界下标, 计算长度
cL = i - left
} else {
// 没有出现在hash表中, 说明之前没出现过该字符, 长度加一
cL++
}
// 把当前字符的位置, 储存在hash表中记录下来
hash[t] = i
// 如果当前的长度比最大长度还大, 则更新最大长度为当前长度
if (cL > fL) {
fL = cL
}
}
return fL
};
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