It all comes down to understanding and research.
Hardware wallets exist, they are immune to hack attempts and will store whatever you want.
Using exchanges to store cryptocoins is a huge mistake.
Using banks (if they even get to the point of offering such services) would also be a mistake.
If you don't hold the keys to your coins, you don't have control. Giving that control to someone else means you are vulnerable to all kinds of problems.
All of this could've been mitigated with some basic research and planning. You can't trust two-factor on an exchange, or online wallet services.
Look at this as a learning opportunity, instead of another reason to flock to centralized services.