Basically, Encryption is used to convert documents or, is a mathematical algorithm used to secure data as a digital lock and key. Cryptography is the study and practice of Encryption for secure communication. Governments classify Cryptography as a weapon due to it's use for espionage and the act of rebellion against said governments. Cryptography is nothing new and has been practiced for thousands of years and is probably best known for it's use in the Enigma machine or, Lorenz cipher machine which was also utilized during World War 2 by the German military and civil authorities. Polish cryptologists eventually broke the code used by the Enigma Machine and altered the course of the war.
Cryptography was also utilized in the original Bitcoin Blockchain protocol using ciphers as a digital lock and key. Cryptoeconimcs is a combination of Crytography and Economics used to create the Blockchain technology. The Blockchain is not controlled by a single entity such as Governments or, big companies that would determine the value of Cryptocurrency. "Mining" for Cryptocurrency is the process of confirming the validity and security of transactions using a mathematical algorithm and the users are rewarded in Cryptocoin.
