Read this so you know what roles you have in your life
THE FAMILY FORMAL ROLE
The family role can be clarified into two categories: formal or open roles and information or closed roles. While the formal role is the explicit role embodied in the role structure of the family (fathers and husbands etc.), the role of information is implicit, often not visible on the surface, and is expected to meet the emotional needs of family members (satire, 1967) and / or maintaining family welfare .
There is a limit to the number of positions assigned as normative positions in the classical core family with two parents. This position is referred to as a formal position and in pairs, and consists of husbands; wife-mother; boys-brothers: and daughters-sisters. In extented families (three generations) there are more paired positions, and in single parent families there are fewer coupled positions. Each of the normative positions of the family group is associated with the corresponding role. Husbands are expected to be breadwinners and wives are often expected to take a leadership role in home management. In single mother elderly families often assume responsibility for the normative role of both mother and father. In families with stepparents, husbands will often play a husband-father role, but because these children are not biological children, the role of the father becomes a faked-father role (the role is less crystallilated)
Associated with each formal family position is a related role or group of behaviors that are more or less homogeneous. The family shares its family members with a car similar to the way in which society shares its role: the other is complex and can be given to the less skilled or the least powerful. When there are fewer people in the family, the number of people to fulfill the formal role is limited; there will be more demands and opportunities for family members to play multiple roles at different times. If a family member leaves home or becomes unable to fulfill a role, others will fulfill that role in order to maintain the functioning of the family (Murray & Zenner, 1985, 1993.
ROLES AND WEDDING RELATIONS
Nye and Gecas (1976) identify eight basic roles that make up the social position of husband-father and wife-mother; provider, housekeeper, childcare, recreational, friendship (maintaining relationships with fathers and mother's family), therapeutic (meeting the effective needs of spouses [or adult intimate partners]), sexual role, In this scheme the friendship role has been entered into recreational and therapeutic roles.
Many people fail to separate the role of the parent from the role of marriage, but in reality the two roles are somewhat different, and the role of marriage should not be reduced because of excessive involvement in the role of the parent. The role of marriage focuses on husband-wife interaction, while the parent's role focuses on older child-child interactions and old parental responsibilities. Despite this separation, perna marriage performance will certainly affect the role of parents and vice versa.
Minuchin (1974) emphasized the importance of maintaining a strong marriage relationship.Children in particular can affect marital relationships, which reduces the proximity of the relationship between the two parents, maintains a satisfactory parried relationship identified as one of the important family developmental tasks along the way during the cycle life. In the preceding discussion of family development in Chapter 5, the stress that children give to marital relationships provides sufficient evidence.
In addition to studying the demostration of vast marriage diversity, efforts have also been made to classify the type of dyadic relationships (two people). first described by Bateson (1958) and later by Watzlawick and colleagues (1967), two basic types of relationships are found in dyadic relationships. These relationships are called complementary and symmetrical relationships, with parallel relationships being a combination of both. Diad in complementary relationships exhibits opposite behavior. One person as the dominant personality who leads and makes decisions, while the other couple are subordinate followers) a unique "one above one below" position. A strong element of dependence exists between adult couples who have a complementary relationship. A positive element in this type of relationship is that it allows a person to give and the other receives. The danger lies in the tendency to be very rigid, which suppresses the growth of both people. It is important for both partners in the complementary relationship to play their "appropriate" role. If both partners do not continue to perform their respective functions, the relationship will end, with each feeling rejected by the other.
The symmetric relationship is based on the equality of the pair. Couples demand equality through the character of each other's message and behavior, and each partner has the right to initiate action, criticize another's behavior, and have a voice in the family's decision. The positive aspect of this type of relationship is that it allows mutual respect, trust, and spontaneity, with the optimal influence that each spouse is free to be himself, knowing that each will be accepted and respected by others. The dangers contained in this type of relationship is that the competitive aspect of relationships can become over-emphasized, when this happens, there is a frustrating and reduced blow to cooperative behavior (mutual support and support). Egocentricity by one or both partners can prevent couples from adjusting each other and giving them the need to enhance and foster the familiarity, the effective part of the marital relationship.
The parallel relationship is the third type of marital relationship introduced by Lederer and Jackson (1968). In parallel relationships, couples alternately experience symmetrical and complementary comfortably because they adapt to changing situations. Depending on the situation and area of competency of the couple, there is an exchange and flexibility in the relationship pattern, the shift from one pattern to another improves the stabilizing properties when both patterns are threatened. Because of the flexibility and nature of individual growth-enhancements (each pair is capable of contributing to their competence and the demands of the situation), this type of relationship is seen as the most mature, healthy and stable of the three types. Progressively, if maturation is possible, the relationship must develop in a person's lifetime from complementary to symmetrical and then parallel. If a person sees this in the right of dependency factor, the relationship becomes a change of dependence (complement) becomes independent (symmetrical) to interdependence (parallelism). However, one qualification must be made here. Assessment of the benefits undertaken on this type of relationship and the extent of maturity does not take into account the cultural background of the individuals involved. This type of parallel relationship may not be accepted in some ethnic groups.
THE ROLE OF THE GRAND / NATURAL IN THE FAMILY
The role of grandparents and even great-grandparents has gained attention, as the number of individuals who become great-grandparents grows every year. The time of grandparents is a heterogeneous experience, there are many variations on how the grandparents' role is firmly established. The historical context, age, ethnicity, social class, and gender of grandparents and grandchildren tend to cause significant differences in how the role is confirmed. For example, Cherlin and Furstenberg (1985,1986) identified three parenting styles by grandparents in a sample of 510 grandparents in exchange and influence and visited their grandchildren from one time a month; "Passive" (29%), whose value is also low on both of the above criteria but visit their grandchildren at least once or twice a month; and "active" (45%), grandparents are influential without taking into account the frequency of their visits. Many grandparents nurture friendly relationships with their grandchildren-relationships that are not demanding and happy.
Recently, Baydar and Brooks-Gunn (1998) developed a typology of grandmothers in the United States using data from a sample of 2,095 grandmothers who represent nationally. The four types are (1) housewife grandmother (19% sample) who do not work outdoors and provide care for their grandchildren on a regular basis; (2) young grandmothers and foster relationships (23% of the sample) under the age of 55, work and nurture their grandchildren regularly; (3) distant grandmothers (6%) of varying employment status, living with their husbands, and not caring for their grandchildren; (4) weak (26%) old grandmothers, living alone, relatively poor health, and not caring for their grandchildren.
The personal circumstances of the grandmothers are related to the role they play with their children and grandchildren (eg, the more mature the child, the more grandmothers tend to take on the role of parenting some of his grandchildren Bowers and Myers (1999) find that the experience of raising grandchildren can not be fulfilled by the pessimists, and can even be a bit stressful, depending on the degree of involvement and whether the grandchild shows a behavioral problem.The difficult circumstances associated with parenting can negatively affect the overall satisfaction of the grandmother / grandfather's life.
There is no agreement as to whether the involvement of grandparents has a positive influence on grandchildren's behavior in most cases, indirect influence (through helping the child's parents) and symbolic influences play a very big role and in a grandparents study with 396 grandchildren , Fingerman (1998) found that the relationship of grandparents with grandchildren varies greatly depending on factors such as the personality of the grandchild as an individual.
The symbolic expression of the role of grandparents-the function of role fulfillment-is equally different and varied, Bengston (1985) divides the symbolic function of becoming grandfather to (1) simply "being there" (present only); (2) acting as national guard or family supervisor (there is to protect and provide care if necessary); (3) being a bargainer (negotiator between parent and child); (4) being an active participant in the social construction of family history (making connections between past, present, and future families).
CHANGE THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY
The role of family members in the united states has been increasingly variable, flexible, and complex. In the past, there were "women's jobs" and "men's jobs," and there was little division of labor except under special conditions. the family lives up to the traditional and relatively rigid rules, which are maintained by the social and moral pressures of the whole society. Currently, the variations in the role of gender are very very easy to find. His hopes and pratiknya vary widely in one family, both adult family members may be expected to work and share all the affairs and responsibilities of the family; in other families, traditional roles are expected and implemented; and in other situations, single parent families, adult parents assume the role of both parents. Because the normative limits of family roles are very broad, a wide range of behaviors is accepted where appropriate and depending on the situation, the needs of circumstances and individuals in situations often determine the specific behavior found in a role. Therefore, individuals temporarily build their roles in response to the cues that others give in the situation. Aldous (1996) notes that the performance of roles in the family today is an enhancement of the results of role-making due to the preparation of scenarios in the role of the family on the contrary, the general norm serves as a guide to perform the role, but the demands of the situation and interaction with other ornag determine specific behavior. Although role-making enables an increasingly flexible role, this can make the role semkin challenging and can lead to more conflict than if there is a family role already in place.
The status and role of the individual associated with the family changes in many ways during the life cycle of a person's changes in relationships, hopes and role abilities referred to as role transitions (Meleis, 1975). The role transition takes place in a clear demarcation of family life, such as marriage, divorce, and the death of one parent or spouse, as well as more vague behaviors such as an ongoing response to life experiences. Changes in perna experienced by one family member require a complementary change by another family member.
The progress of role change in the family does not occur without causing the impact of individual involvement. Families often experience significant pressure during the role transition. This is best recognized when individuals deviate from the expectation of a normative role and / or take on a new role; they may experience less preparatory roles or early socialization needed to perform this new role in a convenient and adequate way. In addition to the lack of training required, a family member can not feel that the new role fulfills his or her needs. Role-alterations such as changes that have been made by having a new baby, becoming an adult family member's nurse, or because a new dad's job, unemployed mother, divorce, or family move can lead to confusion in roles, anxiety, family disaffection and heightened family conflicts (Aldous, 1974, 1996)
The role change required because having a new baby illustrates the difficulty in making the role transition, Ventura (1987), in a qualitative study of middle-class couples, found that 35% of new mothers and 65% of fathers reported feeling depressed due to many role demands. In the third month of postpartum, Mom explains the difficulty of maintaining the role of parent with a schedule and homework and has very little time for themselves. Dad also experiences stress, but this is related to career and job responsibilities.
The family's informal role
Individual family members will play a role in a family both formal and informal by sharing some of those roles. The existence of an informal role is needed to meet the integration and adaptation needs of the family group. kievit (1968) explains that: the informal role has a different one. Slightly tend to be based on age or sex and more likely to attribute personalities attributes of family members therefore one member may be a mediator, seeking a possible compromise when another family is involved in a conflict. other members can be comedians who give lightness and joy to happiness and a sense of humor that is needed in times of crisis and distress. other informal roles may exist and arise as the needs of family units shift and change. in working with the family, awareness of an informal role can facilitate an understanding of the specific nature of the problem at hand and in order to obtain possible solutions. the effective performance of informal roles can facilitate adequate role performance
Here are some examples of other informal or closed roles described in the literature. this informal role may or may not play a role in family stability. some of which are adaptive and others disrupt the basic welfare of the family
Drivers. praise, approve and accept the contributions of others, as a result he is able to attract others and make them feel that their ideas are important and worth listening to
Harmony, mediate the differences that exist between members of the kelurag by jesting or softening the uncertainty
Contributor contributors suggest or suggest ideas or changes in the way they relate to group issues or goals to the group.
The negotiator is one of the conflicting parties or disagrees. The negotiator gives up his position of admitting a mistake or offering through the middle ground
Barriers tend to be negative to all ideas rejecting without and out of reason
Dominators try to strengthen authority or superiority by manipulating certain groups or members. . showing his power and acting as if he knew everything and the most perfect
The role errors are similar to inhibitors and dominators. The wrongdoer is the finder of error, the messenger
Followers in line with group movements, more or less accept the idea of others secarapasif. Serves as a listener in group discussions and decisions
Seekers of recognition try in any way possible to seek attention to themselves and their desires, achievements and / or problems
Martyr does not want anything for himself but sacrifices anything for the good of other family members
The faceless expression (great stone face) of this role is patronizing constantly and without showing any emotion about all the right things to do just like a computer
A friend is a family playmate who indulges in himself and allows the behavior of a family member or himself without considering the consequences. He usually seems unrelated when family issues are discussed
The family scapegoat is a member known to be problematic in the family. As a victim or container of tension and anger open and closed family
Peaceful is the heart maker, always trying to please. Never disagree speaking on behalf of both parties in short ---- a person who always says yes
Family caregivers are the members needed to care for and care for other members in need
Family pioneers move families into unknown territory, leading to new experiences
An irrelevant member or distractor. the distractor is irrelevant, by showing the attention-seeking behavior he helps the family avoid or ignore or ignore problems that cause suffering or trouble
Family coordinators organize and plan family activities. Thereby increasing cohesiveness and fighting against family shards
The intermediary of the family is the role of connecting-he (often the mother) sends and monitors communication throughout the family
Viewers 'audiences' role is similar to followers.
The role of women and men in the family
As women move from home to work in recent decades, their roles have also changed and their role-related behaviors have also changed, studies have shown a change in the role of men in the family, but at a more rapid pace of changing changes in women's work and changes in roles family. It has been analyzed to what extent women maintain traditional gender role obligations (nannies, housekeepers etc.) and simultaneously perform their job roles.
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