HOME ATJEH
- Our ancestors have designed buildings that care about the surrounding natural conditions by making earthquake resistant homes. Aceh traditional house by local residents is called rumoh Aceh. The shape is uniform, ie rectangular extending from east to west. It is said that the elongated location was chosen to facilitate the determination of Qibla direction. In terms of carvings, rumoh Aceh in each district in the province of NAD is not the same. Each has different carvings. Residents who mostly live as workers, eventually chose to build a modern house. Such a reality has happened since. Whereas in the past the majority of residents in the settlement lived on average in traditional houses made of wood and thatched roof. Even those who are affluent, decorate their wooden houses with carvings and other ornaments. While people who live mediocre, enough to build a wooden house without carvings and ornaments. Not strange, because until the 1980s people were still easy to get timber so that the cost to build rumoh Aceh was affordable. But, nowadays the cost of building a traditional house is already double the cost of a modern house. Rumoh Aceh (Side) 1. Materials - materials to make rumoh aceh To make Rumoh Aceh, the necessary materials are: a. Wood. Wood is the main ingredient for making Rumoh Aceh. Wood is used to make tameh (pole), toi, roek, bara, bara linteung, horses, tulleueng rueng, indreng, and so forth. b. Board, used to make floor and wall. Trieng (bamboo). Bamboo is used to make gas (lath), floor mats, c. beuleubah (place menyemat roof), and so forth. Enau (temor). In addition to using bamboo, sometimes to make the floor and wall Rumoh Aceh using enau. d. Taloe tie (strap). The straps are usually made of rope, rattan, bark of waru tree, and sometimes use plastic straps. e. Oen meuria (leaf rumbia), used to make the roof. f. Leaf enau. In addition to using meuria oen, sometimes to make the roof using enau leaves. g. Peuleupeuk meuria (midrib rumbia).
This material is used to make house walls, shelves, and sanding. 2. The main component Although in each district / city the details are different, rumoh Aceh generally has the same main components. The main component of rumoh Aceh is revealed in the book Culture Society of Aceh. The components are: - Seuramou-keu (front porch), which is a room that serves to receive male guests, and is located on the front of the house. This room is also at once a bed and a place to eat male guests. - Seuramou-likoot (back porch), the main function of this room is to receive female guests. It's in the back of the house. Like the front porch, this porch can also be a bed and dining room for female guests. - Rumoh-Inong (the main house), the location of this room between the front porch and the back porch. Its position is higher than those two porches. The main house is divided into two rooms. Both are separated alley or also called a vine that connects the front porch and back porch. - Rumoh-dapu (kitchen), usually located adjacent kitchen or connected to the back porch. The kitchen floor is slightly lower than the back porch floor. - Seulasa (terrace), terrace of the house is located at the front. Terrace attached with front porch. - Kroong-padee (rice granary), located apart from the main building, but still in the yard of the house. It can be in the back, side, or even in front of the house. - Keupaleh (gate), in fact this does not include the general characteristics because that uses the gates in general houses of the rich or community leaders. The gate was made of wood and above it was sheltered by a cubicle. - Tamee (pole), power pole is the main pedestal of this traditional house. Wood-shaped pole with a diameter of 20-35 cm as high as 150-170 cm that can amount to 16, 20, 24, or 28 stems. The existence of these poles facilitate the process of moving the house without having to unpack it. Rumoh Aceh (Inside) 1. The values of rumin aceh The form of Rumoh Aceh architecture is the embodiment of wisdom in addressing the nature and beliefs (religiosity) of Acehnese society. The architecture of the stage-shaped house using wood as its basic material is a form of adaptation of the people of Aceh to its environmental condition. Collectively also, the structure of a traditional house in the form of a stage gives its own comfort to its inhabitants. In addition, the structure of such houses provides a positive value to the social security system to ensure the safety, order and safety of the villagers. For example, the structure of a stage-shaped house makes the view unobstructed and makes it easier for fellow citizens to keep each other's homes and the order of the gampong. People's intelligence in addressing the natural condition can also be seen from the form of Rumoh Aceh, which faces north and south so that the house stretches from east to west. Although in its development it is considered an effort by the people of Aceh to create an imaginary line between the house and the Ka'bah (religious motive), but before Islam entered Aceh, the direction of traditional Acehnese house was already so. This tendency seems to be a form of Acehnese attitude towards the wind direction blowing in Aceh region, that is from east to west or vice versa. If the direction of Rumoh Aceh facing the wind, then the building of the house will easily fall. In addition, the direction of the house facing north-south is also intended for more easy sunlight into the rooms, both on the east side or on the west side. After Islam entered Aceh, the direction of Rumoh Aceh received religious justification. The value of religiosity can also be seen in the amount of space that is always odd, the number of stairs that is always odd, and the existence of a water barrel to wash the feet each time to enter Rumoh Aceh. Deliberation with the family, asking for advice to Teungku, and mutual cooperation in the process of development is an effort to foster a sense of kinship, instill a sense of solidarity among others, and respect for the prevailing customs. By working together, problems can be overcome and social harmony can be maintained. By getting advice from Teungku, the built house is expected to provide physical security and spiritual serenity. Spatial houses with various types of functions is a symbol for all people to obey the rules. The existence of the space that serves as private spaces, such as Rumoh Inong, public space, such as the front porch, and women's special room, such as the back porch is an attempt to instill and maintain the value of politeness and ethics in the community. The existence of the ladder to enter Rumoh Aceh not only serves as a tool to climb into the house building, but also serves as a frontier that should only be visited by guests who are not family members or close relatives. If at home there is no male family member, then "abstinence and taboo" for guests who are not close family (read: muhrim) to go home. Thus, reunyeun also has a function as a tool of social control in the interaction of everyday people. The main door of the house whose height is always lower than the height of the adult, about 120-150 cm, so that everyone who enters Rumoh Aceh should bow, containing the message that everyone who enters Rumoh Aceh, no matter how high the degree or position, should be bowed as a sign of respect to the one who owns the house. However, once inside, we will feel the space is very roomy because in the house no furniture in the form of chairs or tables. Everyone sat cross-legged on the floor.
There is also a consider that the door Rumoh Aceh likened the heart of the people of Aceh. It is difficult to enter, but once we enter it will be accepted warmly and warmly. The ceremony of good ceremony when it is to build a house, is establishing, and after building a house not to show off wealth but is an expression of mutual respect for fellow creatures of God, and also as a form of expression of gratitude for the rizqi that has been given by God. By knowing the values contained in Rumoh Aceh, then we will be able to understand and appreciate the various treasures contained in it. It could be that, due to the changing times, the architecture of Rumoh Aceh changed, but by understanding and giving new meaning to the symbols used, the values that the predecessors were trying to conceive and stay in accordance with the times.
Source: https://steemit.com/history/@yendry4barazki/history-of-aceh-house
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