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Firstly, they are both chronic. In both cases, the way your body is able to control glucose is affected. This is because of the disease's effect on the bodies insulin.
In type 1 diabetes, the patient's body does not produce insulin at all, thus he must take it regularly as injections. This insulin is what allows his cells to accept glucose so it is very important.
In type 2 diabetes, the patient's body does not work well with insulin and eventually doesn't even produce enough of it. This is a more severe case of diabetes. Between the two types, these symptoms are common
cuts or sores that don’t heal properly
frequent urination
feeling very fatigued
Blurry vision
feeling very hungry
feeling very thirsty and drinking a lot of water.
Then type 1 patients may lose weight and become very irritable.
Type 2 patients may experience a tingling sensation in their hands or feet.
Often times, type 2 patients don't experience any symptoms for a long time because the symptoms are slow to develop while those of type 1 are quick to develop.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body's immune system fighting itself. Till now researchers don't know why this happens.
Type 2 is caused by the body developing unnecessary insulin resistance. This causes the person's body to not be able to use the insulin it produces well.