Memory of the Mongolian invasion of the Mongols that began in 1219 when Temujin or better known as Genghis Khan (from Mongolian meaning the Emperor of the Universe) attacked the kingdom of Khwarezm Shah Muhammad (whose territory now includes Central Asia and Persia). The movement of invasion of Mongol forces or better known as Tartar forces is done simultaneously. While some Tartar troops attacked Khawarezm some of the other Tartar troops hit the territory of Russia, while Jengis Khan himself attacked the territory of Afghanistan and northern India. Six years later, Jengis Khan returned to the Mongols with a large conquered area while making the Mongols a vast and powerful empire with seemingly invincible military might. In 1227 Jengis Khan died in Mongolia.
Shortly before Jengis Khan breathed his last, he asked that his third son, Ogadai, be set to be his successor. This is a wise choice because Ogadai became a brilliant general over the results of his own efforts. Under his leadership, the Mongols continued their raids in China, completely in control of Russia, and rushed forward to Europe. In 1241 the combined Polish, German, Hungarian army was completely struck by the Mongols who thrived on Budapest. However, that year Ogadai died and the Mongols withdrew from Europe and never returned.
In 1279 the Mongols had taken possession of a empirium whose territory was many times that of today's Mongolian region. Its regional control includes China, Russia, Central Asia, also Persia and Southeast Asia. His troops made a successful forward movement adding to the area stretching from Poland to the northern hemisphere of India, and Kublai Khan's rule ended in Korea, Tibet, and parts of Southeast Asia.
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The peak of the Mongol military's show of military power took place in 1258 AD. At that time Tartar troops under the leadership of Hulako Khan (grandson of Jengis Khan) succeeded in defeating the most famous sultanate in the world at that time, namely the Abasiyah sultanate which at that time was led by Sultan Al Muhtasim. Many sources of history explain that the Tartar troops committed extraordinary cruelty in Baghdad after the conquest of the Abasiyah dynasty forces. The Tartar troops, which had the advantage only on combat capability, massacred the inhabitants of Baghdad and allowed the bodies to lie on the streets until Baghdad became a dead city that spread the disease. In fact, few historical sources mention that the Tartars also made pyramids composed of human heads in Baghdad. This cruelty is not an end, the Tartar forces are also destructive which is very detrimental to human civilization in that period even today. The Tartar army burned the entire collection of the ilme texts of knowledge stored in the library of Baghdad which was the largest library of the time on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, causing the color of the river's water to be black due to the abundance of paper ash.
The cruelty and awesomeness of the Tartars are legendary. One of them is represented in a story which mentions that there was once a Tartar soldier who challenged the duel on the inhabitants of a city in Central Asia. To their horror at the reputation of the Tartar army nobody dared to serve the challenge so that one tartar soldier killed them one by one. It is said that the number of those who slaughtered a tartar soldier reached 100 people. It was remarkable for the Mongol military forces of that time. Their conquest may only be rivaled by the conquest of the Umayyads (famous for having 4 unquenchable warlords at one time) and Alexander the Great (capable of conquering the Persian Empire, North Africa, Central Asia and some Asia Minor).
The enormous notes tarnished by the Tartars are only tarnished with 3 times the failure of their invasion. The first failure occurred in 1260. Baghdad's conquest was a danger signal for the Egyptians who were then under the Mameluk dynasty. Egypt is fully conscious, as the second axis of Islamic power after Baghdad, Egypt is the target of the next Tartar Force military operation. The Mameluk Dynasty immediately consolidated its military power. The military power collected from the Egyptians and the Arab peoples around it and the Kurds (renowned for its agility and toughness in riding and archery in the Second Crusade) were ready for the Tartars. The army decided to meet the Tartars rather than wait and be on the defensive. So in 1260 an open area which is now located in the Palestinian territory there was a great open war between the Mongols against the Muslim nations under Egyptian command. The persistence of the Muslim army that risked the future of religion and its civilization was able to overcome the awesomeness of the legendary tartar forces. For the first time since the expansion that Genghis Khan started, the Tartars had to suffer defeat and were forced to retreat. A few years later the Tartars tried again to conquer Egypt, but once again they were repulsed by the same force. The next two failures occurred when the Mongols were under the reign of Kublai Khan. The second failure of the expansion of the Tartars came when they were about to conquer the Japanese archipelago. There are not many detailed historical records that explain this incident. From these few notes, this failure occurred because a fleet of tartar troops that were about to invade Japan was devastated by a storm, about the timing of the occurrence likely to occur between the time span following the defeat of the Egyptian tartar troops and their expansion into Java in 1293 which became an invasion failure they are the third.
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