The history of the Earth is related to the development of planet Earth since its form until now. [1] [2] Almost all branches of the natural sciences have contributed to the understanding of major events on Earth. Earth age is estimated at one third the age of the universe. A number of major biological and geological changes have occurred over that time span.
The Earth formed about 4.54 billion (4.54 × 109) years ago through the accretion of the solar nebula. The release of volcanic gas is thought to create an oxygenated, toxic, old atmosphere for humans and most of today's living things. Most of the Earth's surface melts due to extreme volcanism and often collides with other celestial bodies. A large collision allegedly caused the slope of Earth's axis and produced the Moon. Over time, the Earth cools and forms a dense crust and allows liquid to be created on its surface. The first life forms emerged between 2.8 and 2.5 billion years ago. The life of photosynthesis came about 2 billion years ago, enriching oxygen in the atmosphere. Most living things are still small and microscopic, until finally complex multicellular living creatures began to be born about 580 million years ago. In the Cambrian period, the Earth undergoes a massive rapid diversification of phyla.
Biological and geological changes continue to occur on this planet since its formation. Organisms continue to evolve, transforming into new or extinct forms as Earth changes. The tectonic processes of plates play an important role in the formation of oceans and continents on Earth, including life in them. The biosphere has a major impact on other planetary and abiotic conditions on the planet, such as ozone layer formation, oxygen proliferation, and soil creation.
The Earth's history is sorted chronologically in a geological time-scale table, which is divided into several intervals according to stratigraphic analysis. [2] [3] The complete time scale can be seen in the main article. The four time lines below show the geological time scale. The first timeline shows the entire time of the Earth's formation until the present time. This time scale compresses the latest eon. The second time scale shows the latest eon with an expanded scale. But the second time scale is also still compress the latest era, which can be seen on the third scale. Because Quaternary is a very short period with a short time period, so it is extended again on the fourth time scale.
The second, third and fourth time scales are subsections of the previous time scale indicated by an asterisk. Another reason for expanding the fourth scale is, the last Holocene (duration) is too small to be displayed clearly on the third time scale on the right.
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