In this video I provide an overview of mainstream virology in terms of the theory of how viruses develop immunity and the various types of vaccines currently in production as well as future ones being developed. Viruses are submicroscopic (too small to be seen by optical microscope) and semi-alive organisms (essentially a bundle of genetic material inside a ball of lipid / fat / protein) that can somehow replicate inside a host, cause disease, and transmit this to disease other hosts. The theory of acquired immunity involves the body's immune cells recognizing specific parts (antigens) of a pathogen and signaling to T cells or "killer cells" to destroy infected cells.
All vaccines have the same blueprint of generating these antigens in the body for the immune cells to recognize. The conventional types are protein-based vaccines and weakened virus vaccines, while novel types are DNA and mRNA nucleic acid vaccines, such as the ones given emergency approval during COVID-19.
Time stamps:
- Viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that replicate inside living cells: 0:00
- Electron microscopic image of a bacteriophages infecting bacterial wall: 1:02
- Diagram of tobacco mosaic virus with a coiled RNA helix: 5:54
- Electron micrograph of adenovirus showing icosahedral structural: 7:02
- Diagrams of how a Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) works: 11:48
- All images of organisms under a TEM are of dead organisms due to high energy of electrons and heavy metal staining process: 15:48
- Coronavirus virions are smaller than wildfire smoke: 21:10
- Viruses are 10 times bigger than proteins with are 5 times bigger than DNA which are 20 times bigger than atoms: 24:50
- Viruses are important in horizontal gene transfer, and don't possess all characteristics of life: 27:40
- Fecal-oral route for disease transmission: 31:50
- Vaccine basics: How to develop immunity: 35:20
- Vaccine provides acquired immunity to particular infectious disease: 40:30
- DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing DNA encoding the desired antigen: 45:34
- Comparison of conventional vs novel vaccines: 47:37
- Protein-based vaccines don't use genetic material but might require adjuvants: 51:27
- Virus vaccines use weakened viruses: 55:07
- Viral-vector vaccines deliver viral genetic material using a vector such as weakened viruses: 56:53
- Nucleic-acid vaccines inject DNA (using electroporation) or RNA (enclosed in a lipid coat) directly into the cells: 1:00:08
- DNA and RNA vaccines are easy to develop so expect more booster shots! 1:02:54
Full video below:
- Full video and playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai3U8-WIK0FYO6bxFbBAtVJ9sDOJnH72
- Notes: https://peakd.com/hive-128780/@mes/messcience-3-overview-of-biology
- MES Science playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai3U8-WIK0FjJpwnxwdrOR7L8Ul8VZoZ .
Become a MES Super Fan! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUUBq1GPBvvGNz7dpgO14Ow/join
DONATE! ʕ •ᴥ•ʔ https://mes.fm/donate
SUBSCRIBE via EMAIL: https://mes.fm/subscribe
MES Links: https://mes.fm/links
MES Truth: https://mes.fm/truth
Official Website: https://MES.fm
Hive: https://peakd.com/@mes
Email me: [email protected]
Free Calculators: https://mes.fm/calculators
BMI Calculator: https://bmicalculator.mes.fm
Grade Calculator: https://gradecalculator.mes.fm
Mortgage Calculator: https://mortgagecalculator.mes.fm
Percentage Calculator: https://percentagecalculator.mes.fm
Free Online Tools: https://mes.fm/tools
iPhone and Android Apps: https://mes.fm/mobile-apps
▶️ 3Speak
Congratulations!
✅ Good job. Your post has been appreciated and has received support from CHESS BROTHERS ♔ 💪
♟ We invite you to use our hashtag #chessbrothers and learn more about us.
♟♟ You can also reach us on our Discord server and promote your posts there.
♟♟♟ Consider joining our curation trail so we work as a team and you get rewards automatically.
♞♟ Check out our @chessbrotherspro account to learn about the curation process carried out daily by our team.
🏅 If you want to earn profits with your HP delegation and support our project, we invite you to join the Master Investor plan. Here you can learn how to do it.
Kindly
The CHESS BROTHERS team