Fibromialgia
foto de Fundación ArticularLa fibromialgia es una enfermedad reumática crónica caracterizada por dolor generalizado del aparato locomotor que se acompaña de cansancio intenso, disminución de la capacidad funcional, alteraciones cognitivas y del sueño, síntomas funcionales en diversos órganos y mal estado de ánimo.
Esta patología puede manifestarse a cualquier edad, pero es mucho más prevalente en las edades medias de la vida y se considera la causa más frecuente de dolor musculoesquelético.
Fibromyalgia is a chronic rheumatic disease characterized by generalized pain of the locomotor system accompanied by intense fatigue, decreased functional capacity, cognitive and sleep disturbances, functional symptoms in various organs and poor mood.
This pathology can manifest itself at any age, but is much more prevalent in the middle ages of life and is considered the most frequent cause of musculoskeletal pain.
Involucra cuatro cuadrantes del cuerpo y el esqueleto axial. Las regiones más frecuentes son la lumbar, cervical, hombros, rodillas, muslos y brazos. El dolor suele empeorar con el frío, infecciones, estrés y falta de sueño.
It is a disease of unknown cause whose main symptom is pain on pressure and palpation in defined anatomical locations. The pain is usually diffuse and persistent, burning, stabbing or penetrating.
It involves four quadrants of the body and the axial skeleton. The most frequent regions are the lumbar, cervical, shoulders, knees, thighs and arms. The pain is usually worsened by cold, infections, stress and lack of sleep.
Otro de los síntomas que se muestran típicamente asociados al dolor, es el agotamiento o fatiga crónica, sin causa que lo justifique. Oscila durante el dia, de intensidad moderada a severa. También es frecuente encontrar los trastornos del sueño, problemas para conciliar el sueño o interrupciones frecuentes de este durante la noche siendo un sueño no reparador.
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Aunque la fibromialgia no es una enfermedad mental, el 30% aproximadamente de los enfermos cursan con cuadros como ansiedad o depresión de forma preexistente, o muchas veces secundaria a la enfermedad.
Another symptom that is typically associated with pain is exhaustion or chronic fatigue, without cause. It oscillates during the day, from moderate to severe intensity. It is also common to find sleep disorders, problems falling asleep or frequent interruptions of sleep during the night being a non-restorative sleep.
Although fibromyalgia is not a mental illness, approximately 30% of patients have pre-existing symptoms such as anxiety or depression, or often secondary to the disease.
La evolución de la enfermedad es crónica, pero el pronóstico puede mejorar con un diagnóstico precoz, información correcta, y un enfoque terapéutico acertado. No existe un tratamiento curativo hasta el momento, pero si hay evidencia de resultados con tratamientos interdisciplinarios.
Dentro de las opciones de tratamiento se recomiendan programas de ejercicios aeróbicos, ejercicios de fortalecimiento muscular y de estiramiento o flexibilidad, técnicas de relajación para aliviar la tensión muscular y la ansiedad, y programas educativos que le ayuden a comprender y controlar la fibromialgia. Con respecto al tratamiento farmacológico, hay algunas drogas aprobadas para la fibromialgia, que han demostrado eficacia en el manejo de los síntomas.
The evolution of the disease is chronic, but the prognosis can be improved with early diagnosis, correct information, and an accurate therapeutic approach. There is no curative treatment so far, but there is evidence of results with interdisciplinary treatments.
Among the treatment options, aerobic exercise programs, muscle strengthening and stretching or flexibility exercises, relaxation techniques to relieve muscle tension and anxiety, and educational programs to help you understand and manage fibromyalgia are recommended. With respect to pharmacological treatment, there are some drugs approved for fibromyalgia, which have demonstrated efficacy in managing symptoms.
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