Dentro de las complicaciones endocrino-metabolicas del paciente diabetico encontramos la cetoacidosis diabetica se presenta con mayor frecuencia en diabetes tipo I, se caracteriza por la disminucion de la concentracion de insulina provocando asi alteraciones en el metabolismo de elementos importantes como proteinas y carbohidratos, la cetoacidosis diabetica se acompaña de otras manifestaciones que pueden provocar daños severos en el paciente por lo que debe ser tratada inmediatamente.
Al existir un desequilibrio entre la produccion de insulina y entre las hormonas reguladoras principalmente como el glucagón se genera la produccion de cuerpos cetónicos a nivel de orina y sangre, el resultado de este desequilibrio y deficit de insulina provoca que las celulas no puedan captar de forma eficiente la glucosa que el organismo requiere para la produccion de energia.
La cetoacidosis diabetica se acompaña de hiperglucemia asi mismo debido a la liberación de cuerpos cetónicos se produce cetonemia ,cetonuria y acidosis metabólica, se puede llegar a producir hiperventilación manifestada por una respiracion rapida en el paciente, existe una disminución del potasio y sodio, ademas de esto disminuye la tasa de filtración glomerular.
Todos estos factores inducen en el paciente manifestaciones como deshidratación, vomitos, produccion de orina en gran cantidad (poliuria) debilidad e incluso perdida de la consciencia, polidipsia, debilidad, el diagnostico es realizado por el medico a traves del examen fisico y pruebas de laboratorio, el diagnostico precoz asi como la identificación de las manifestaciones clinicas por parte del personal de salud es fundamental para brindar un tratamiento adecuado y reducir otras complicaciones que comprometan las funciones de los organos vitales.
El tratamiento se basa principalmente en la hidratacion, controlar los valores de glucemia asi como tambien en la administracion de electrolitos, claro esta que todo va a depender de las condiciones del paciente, el cuidado de enfermeria primordial es valorar el estado de conciencia, mantener el acceso periferico permeable, administrar liquidos intravenosos como solucion fisiologica al 0.9% siendo parte de la hidratacion, por otra parte es importante monitorizar los valores de glucemia capilar cada dos horas.
La administracion de glucosa via intravenosa tambien es parte del tratamiento, asi como tambien reponer electrolitos perdidos como el potasio por prescripción medica, tambien es importante realizar el control de signos vitales, balance hídrico y vigilar la diuresis en cuanto cantidad, consistencia, color, durante la administracion de tratamiento se debe vigilar la presencia de reacciones adversas sobre todo durante la administracion de glucosa debido al riesgo de presentarse hipoglucemia en el paciente.
ENGLISH
Within the endocrine-metabolic complications of the diabetic patient, we find diabetic ketoacidosis, which occurs more frequently in type I diabetes, is characterized by a decrease in insulin concentration, thus causing alterations in the metabolism of important elements such as proteins and carbohydrates, ketoacidosis diabetica is accompanied by other manifestations that can cause severe damage to the patient, so it must be treated immediately.
When there is an imbalance between the production of insulin and between the regulatory hormones, mainly such as glucagon, the production of ketone bodies is generated in the urine and blood, the result of this imbalance and insulin deficit causes the cells to not be able to capture efficient glucose that the body requires for energy production.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is accompanied by hyperglycemia, and due to the release of ketone bodies, ketonemia, ketonuria and metabolic acidosis are produced, hyperventilation can be produced manifested by rapid breathing in the patient, there is a decrease in potassium and sodium, in addition to this decreases the glomerular filtration rate.
All these factors induce in the patient manifestations such as dehydration, vomiting, urine production in large quantities (polyuria), weakness and even loss of consciousness, polydipsia, weakness, the diagnosis is made by the doctor through physical examination and laboratory tests. , early diagnosis as well as the identification of clinical manifestations by health personnel is essential to provide adequate treatment and reduce other complications that compromise the functions of vital organs.
The treatment is mainly based on hydration, control of blood glucose values as well as on the administration of electrolytes, of course everything will depend on the patient's conditions, primary nursing care is to assess the state of consciousness, maintain permeable peripheral access, administer intravenous fluids such as 0.9% physiological solution as part of hydration, on the other hand it is important to monitor capillary blood glucose values every two hours.
The administration of intravenous glucose is also part of the treatment, as well as replacing lost electrolytes such as potassium by medical prescription, it is also important to control vital signs, water balance and monitor diuresis in terms of quantity, consistency, color, during The administration of treatment should be monitored for the presence of adverse reactions, especially during the administration of glucose due to the risk of hypoglycemia in the patient.
La información que acabas de leer es de mi aprendizaje en la carrera de T.S.U en enfermería. - The information you just read is from my learning in the career of T.S.U in nursing.
El separador e imágenes son de mi propiedad. - The separator and images are my property.
Traducción de: Google traductor - Translation of: Google translator.
Diseño creado en @Canva. - Design created in @Canva.
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