Throughout its long history, mankind has known different colors of intolerance; Poetry has preserved important and valuable information for us about tribal intolerance, history has recorded - and continues to record - countless cases of national or national intolerance, the history of thought has known various forms of religious or sectarian intolerance, and societies - especially in our modern age - have witnessed multiple forms of racial intolerance. or ethnicity, and in all these cases intolerance represented an excess of belonging to the group to which one belonged, and an association with it that amounted to the complete exclusion of others, their hatred or condescension to them.
In fact, fanaticism, as a purely human phenomenon that belongs to the field of the relationship between a human being and a human being, can be treated with various approaches and methods, depending on the angle from which we look at it. In psychology, sociology, history and biological sciences; All of these sciences are capable of shedding light on the phenomenon of fanaticism and of helping a person to remove this mist that has blinded humanity for a long time. Nevertheless, the philosophical treatment of this phenomenon can reveal hidden and essential aspects of it.
And to remove the veil from those latent structures that may not be noticed by any of the previous sciences when it exhausts its energy in dealing with the problem from its own angle, and through its distinct concepts and methods. “I do not mean by this a preferential judgment, but rather all I mean is depth in its original meaning, not figuratively, I mean the depth of the bottom in comparison to the surface, these deep dimensions that lie behind every special scientific treatment of the problem of fanaticism, which is revealed to philosophical thinking alone, perhaps it was the best method to follow. In revealing it, it is the method that has proven to be fertile and fruitful in dealing with humanitarian issues in particular, by which I mean the dialectical or dialectical method.
What is negative and what is positive?
The positive element is a person's belief that the group to which he belongs - whether it is a tribe, a homeland, an ideological or religious sect - is superior and loftier than the rest of the groups, and the negative element is his belief that these groups the other is inferior to that to which it belongs, and it may seem self-evident that these two elements are bound together; The belief of a particular group in its superiority automatically means that it views other groups as if they were inferior to it, yet there is a kind of distinction between these two aspects of intolerance, despite their close connection.
Indeed, the concept of intolerance itself is linked in the minds of most people to this negative aspect. A person who is intolerant is, above all, that who despises or prejudices a particular group, and it is true that this prejudice implies the belief that he is superior to the group to which he is prejudiced, or that he is innocent of its shortcomings.
But this is no more than an implicit belief, and moreover, the cause of prejudice against others is often a kind of hidden envy for them, or the belief that they have advantages that one cannot attain. In any case, hatred of others is the dominant quality of the fanatic His superiority is a secondary quality, though it is often the necessary consequence of his hatred of others.
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