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One significant trigger was the dissolution of Yugoslavia, which saw various republics, including Montenegro and Serbia, seeking independence. Kosovo Albanians initiated an armed insurgency as tensions escalated in the late 1990s, leading to a NATO intervention that forced Serbian withdrawal in 1999. Following a period under UN administration, Kosovo declared its independence in February 2008.
Nevertheless, this independence was accompanied by a contentious narrative. Kosovo's supporters argue that its situation is unique, rooted in systematic human rights violations and the failure of Serbian authorities to provide meaningful autonomy. However, this reasoning contradicts the broader consensus on self-determination within existing states.