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In the aftermath, many Hutus fled to what was then Zaire, seeking refuge, while the Tutsi-led Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) established control in Rwanda. This escalation of violence eventually led to the First Congo War in 1996, involving Rwandan and Ugandan forces, which swiftly ousted the dictator Mobutu Sese Seko. However, this intervention did not lead to long-term stability as tensions simmered, culminating in the devastating Second Congo War.