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Spain operates under a unitary government system characterized by significant decentralization. While the constitution does not outline specific regional empowerments, the post-Franco era has seen a greater allowance for regional governance, particularly in areas with separatist sentiments like Catalonia and the Basque Country.
The balance of power aims to mitigate regional tensions while upholding Madrid's authority. Catalonia, Spain's wealthiest region, remains particularly prone to independence aspirations, raising questions about the future of Spain’s unity.