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Italy's regional fervor is palpable, with various movements seeking autonomy, including efforts in Lombardy, Veneto, and Sicily, all aspiring for greater independence or status within Italy.
Russia
With the highest number of separatist movements, Russia's diverse ethnic republics are experiencing heightened tension following reduced autonomy, leading to calls for independence or enhanced local governance from various groups across the nation.
Spain
Spain's complex internal structure gives rise to intense regional identities, evident in the separatist aspirations seen in Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Galicia. The deeply ingrained regional sentiments continue to fuel fervent discussions around independence or autonomy.