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The M23 group emerged from the remnants of earlier militias and claimed to represent the interests of the local Tutsi population who have faced persecution historically. The armed group initially posed as guardians of Tutsi rights; however, recent actions have shifted to aggressive territorial expansion, leading to chaos in the DRC. As of January 2025, M23 captured several significant cities and has been linked to mass violence against civilians.
Reports suggest M23 now controls vast mineral-rich territories. The DRC's eastern provinces boast vital resources, including cobalt and lithium, which have drawn international interest and could fuel further conflict as various powers seek influence over these resources.