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The rise of Homo erectus, a direct descendant of Homo habilis, heralded an unprecedented leap in human ingenuity through the invention of the hand axe. This tool was revolutionary not only for its versatility in tasks such as skinning animals and digging for roots but as a clear indicator of Homo erectus’ advanced cognitive abilities.
Ignacio de la Torre, an archaeologist at the forefront of the Olduvai research, emphasizes that the crafting of tools showcases the distinct differences between humans and animals; humans manufacture tools with a clear intention and mental template. The hand axe's ability to enhance meat consumption led to significant biological changes, including brain enlargement, which was fundamental in facilitating subsequent human achievements.