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Located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula, Gibraltar is home to a vast complex of caves that were once dry land. Approximately 24,000 years ago, this area served as a stronghold for the very last of the Neanderthals as the last Ice Age approached. According to paleontologists Clive and Geraldine Finlon, Gibraltar is unrivaled when it comes to the density of Neanderthal fossil sites, indicating a vibrant and sustained population in this enclave. Here, the Neanderthals fished and hunted along the shore, entirely unaware of the looming threat of extinction they faced.