Part 2/8:
The concept of artificial intelligence began to take shape in the mid-20th century. A pivotal moment came in 1950 with Alan Turing, who proposed the Turing Test to gauge a computer's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior. The essence of the test posed a challenging question: can a machine think? Turing later refocused this inquiry—if a machine could convincingly persuade 50% of human evaluators that it was thinking, it could be considered intelligent.