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The camera obscura consists of a darkened space, such as a room or a box, with a small opening on one side and a reflective surface on the opposite side. Light rays pass through the opening and project an inverted image on the surface inside. Artists and scientists utilized this device for entertainment and study, allowing them to observe phenomena like solar eclipses without damaging their eyes.
From this early invention, other crucial devices evolved, including the magic lantern, considered the precursor to modern projection technology. Emerging in the 17th century, the magic lantern projected simple hand-painted images on glass plates using light from a candle, thus providing a form of visual storytelling similar to what we experience with movies today.