Part 2/10:
Intuitively, many people opt to turn over the card showing 'A' and the '2', reasoning that if they see an 'A', it must have a '2' on the opposite side. While this choice seems logical, it reveals a common cognitive bias. Flipping the '2' is unnecessary; the rule does not state that every '2' must have an 'A' on the other side.
More critically, the card showing '3' must be flipped over. If the hidden side is 'A', then the rule is violated. This tendency to preferentially seek confirmation rather than disconfirmation exemplifies a fundamental flaw in reasoning.