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On January 19, 2010, agents disguised as tourists executed a meticulous plan to track down and assassinate Mahmoud al-Mabhouh, a Hamas commander. This operation would not only be one of many covert actions credited to Mossad but also highlighted Israel's ongoing struggle against its adversaries, particularly Hamas. Mossad was established in the wake of the Holocaust and the subsequent founding of Israel in 1948, a period characterized by uncertainty and hostility from neighboring Arab nations. With Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion at the helm, Israel understood that survival necessitated strong intelligence capabilities.