Part 4/5:
Historically, oil has been the backbone of Syria’s economy; however, the nation has witnessed a substantial decline in oil production. The World Bank notes a slight resurgence in production, attributed to various factions operating within the country. Kurdish forces now govern significant territories that house essential oil reserves, while Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS)—a major actor in the ongoing conflict—has instituted a broad network of taxation and tariff strategies to bolster funding.