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In terms of natural gas, Europe has shifted its reliance away from Russian supplies, particularly in light of geopolitical tensions. The European economy is now heavily reliant on U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) and gas from alternate sources such as Ukraine. Blumer indicates that EU officials are keen to replace the last remnants of Russian gas imports with U.S. gas, and as such, Trump's ultimatum may be more of a reaction to an existing trend rather than a call to action.