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To investigate this phenomenon, the researchers selected a group of cats from households with multiple felines. Each cat was presented with photographs of other cats while recordings of their owner's voice played in the background. In the experiment, two conditions were tested: one where the name spoken by the owner matched the cat being pictured (the congruent condition) and another where the name did not match (the incongruent condition).
The results were telling. In scenarios where the names did not match—the incongruent condition—cats displayed significantly longer attention spans directed at the photos, suggesting they were puzzled by the inconsistent information. This response indicated recognition and comprehension, showcasing an unexpected level of cognitive engagement.