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Central to music theory is the C major scale, which consists of a specific sequence of whole and half steps, known as the distance between notes. The rule for the C major scale is straightforward: whole step, whole step, half step, whole step, whole step, whole step, half step. Each note can be assigned a number: C is 1, D is 2, E is 3, and so forth. This numbering system facilitates a deeper understanding of various chords and their structures.