Part 2/13:
In 1896, Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann put forward a theory to tackle an intriguing question: Why doesn't the universe appear as chaotic as thermodynamics predicts? Boltzmann grappled with the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy in an isolated system tends to increase over time. This suggests that systems should naturally progress toward disorder. However, in reality, we observe structured phenomena—like stars, galaxies, and living organisms—contradicting the notion of inevitable chaos.