Part 4/10:
Once the browser has the IP address, it must establish a connection with the web server using TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). Rather than sending data without verification, TCP ensures reliable data delivery through a process known as a three-way handshake. This handshake involves a sequence of packets exchanged between the client (the user's browser) and the server to confirm the connection.
If the requested site uses HTTPS, an additional layer of security is implemented through an SSL/TLS handshake. This step guarantees that all data exchanged during the session is encrypted, providing a secure channel essential for protecting sensitive information such as passwords and payment details.