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The Shang were eventually overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty, which implemented a quasi-feudal system of governance. However, internal strife led to a prolonged period known as the Spring and Autumn period and subsequently the Warring States period. During these tumultuous times, regional warlords established their authority, culminating in the collapse of centralized power.
The Qin Dynasty: Short-lived Unity and Great Wall Construction
In 221 BC, the Qin Dynasty succeeded in unifying China, albeit briefly. Qin Shi Huang's reign marked significant advancements, such as the initial construction of the Great Wall, aimed at deterring invasions. However, the dynasty's downfall was precipitated by the harsh rule and excessive censorship, leading to a civil war upon Qin Shi Huang's demise.