Part 7/10:
Fast forward to the Renaissance, we arrive at Kepler, who significantly advanced celestial theory by challenging the long-held notions of circular planetary orbits. Utilizing the meticulously gathered observational data from Tycho Brahe, Kepler faced a conundrum: the data did not match any existing theories of circular orbits.
In a stroke of genius, he proposed that elliptical orbits governed planetary motion, allowing for the reconciliation of observational discrepancies. With this novel perspective, he could delineate the relationships between the motions of planets and refine our understanding of the solar system.