Part 4/9:
One of the foundational concerns in metaphysics is the problem of induction, which questions our assumption that the future will resemble the past. Just because the sun has risen daily does not guarantee its rising tomorrow. This uncertainty intertwines with our modern understanding of causality and free will. Are our decisions genuinely free, or are they predetermined by the history and biology that make us who we are? This notion challenges the conventional understanding of human agency, suggesting that we may be as much products of the unfolding universe as objects of choice.