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Another significant player in the uranium supply landscape is Kazakhstan, which currently produces 43% of the world’s uranium. However, forecasts indicate that Kazakhstan may increasingly channel its uranium output towards Russia and China in the years to come. The nation has entered into long-term agreements to supply China, complicating the West's efforts to secure adequate uranium supplies.
The traditional shipping routes for transporting uranium to the West via St. Petersburg are no longer viable due to risks stemming from sanctions. Alternative routes, including those crossing the Caspian Sea, via Azerbaijan and Georgia, are not only more expensive but also hindered by inadequate infrastructure.