Part 6/7:
- Quantum Phase Estimation: Central to Shor’s algorithm, it estimates the eigenvalue associated with a quantum state. The algorithm combines quantum computing's efficiency with classical strategies to derive the prime factors of a composite number.
Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT)
The Quantum Fourier Transform is a critical component in many quantum algorithms, including Shor's. It transforms a quantum state encoded in the form of bits into another where the phases correspond to these bits. The QFT can be understood conceptually through its graphical representation and through its associated mathematical forms.