Part 6/11:
As the years unfolded, the strife between classical determinism and quantum probability surfaced. Bohr introduced the principle of complementarity at the Solvay Conference in 1927—an idea that light and electrons could exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties depending on how they were measured.
This notion sent tremors through established scientific thought, sparking heated debates with luminaries like Albert Einstein, who staunchly believed in an orderly, deterministic universe. Where Einstein argued that God does not play dice with the cosmos, Bohr firmly contended that uncertainty is fundamental to reality. Their exchanges became some of the most celebrated intellectual battles in history, shaping the future of physics.