Part 2/10:
In 1911, Ernest Rutherford introduced a groundbreaking atomic model that posited a central nucleus, surrounded by orbiting electrons. This model stemmed from his experiments conducted at the Manchester laboratory he established, where he built on J.J. Thomson's earlier atomic theories. Rutherford’s research included the pioneering work of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, who bombarded thin foils with alpha particles. They reported surprising results, where some alpha particles unexpectedly bounced back, indicating that atoms were not as uniformly structured as previously thought.