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The founding of Rome in 753 BC marked a significant turning point, leading to the establishment of the Roman Kingdom. This kingdom flourished under a succession of seven Etruscan kings until 509 BC, when the last king was overthrown, giving rise to the Roman Republic. This new governance, marked by the Senate and the people – known as SPQR – facilitated a period of expansive growth, where Rome began to conquer vast territories across Western Europe, Northern Africa, and the Middle East.