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Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the British took control of much of the Middle East, including Palestine, under the British Mandate. The 1917 Balfour Declaration expressed British support for establishing a Jewish homeland, intensifying tensions between the Jewish and Arab populations as both claimed the land.
In the 1930s, Britain began to limit Jewish immigration due to rising tensions fueled by the influx of Jewish refugees escaping persecution from Nazi Germany. This precipitated the formation of Jewish militias and civil unrest, leading to escalating violence.