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Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Southern Italy and Sicily experienced a tumultuous journey, including invasions by the Byzantines, Lombards, and eventually Muslim conquerors during the 800s. By the dawn of the 11th century, the socio-political landscape became increasingly fragmented and ripe for further upheaval.
The Arrival of the Normans: A Turning Point
The Normans, who had initially settled in northern France and transformed into formidable mercenaries, began their conquests in Southern Italy during the early 1000s. Over several decades, they systematically dismantled the Byzantine and Lombard hold over the region. Duke Roger I’s conquest of Sicily in 1091 marked a pivotal moment, as he consolidated power and crowned himself King of Sicily in 1130.