Part 2/12:
Delving into the core principles of quantum mechanics, one must appreciate the peculiar behavior of particles, famously described by Einstein as “God playing dice.” Quantum mechanics defies classical determinism, revealing that particles simultaneously exist in multiple states, rather than occupying fixed positions and velocities. This behavior is most famously illustrated by the double-slit experiment, where a single electron demonstrates both particle and wave characteristics. When not observed, it appears to interfere with itself as if taking both paths through the slits, but observation collapses the wave function, leaving behind a determined outcome.