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Saltpeter (Potassium Nitrate) acts as the oxidizer, providing the necessary oxygen for combustion.
Charcoal serves as the fuel source.
Sulfur lowers the ignition temperature and enhances the overall efficiency of the explosion.
Achieving the perfect balance of these components is crucial, as even minor deviations can significantly affect gunpowder's performance.
Origins and Historical Development
The origins of gunpowder trace back to ancient China, around the 9th century during the Tang Dynasty. It was initially discovered by alchemists searching for the Elixir of Life, who stumbled upon this explosive mixture. Early applications of gunpowder included fireworks and propelling simple weapons like bombs and rockets.