Part 4/7:
The conversation shifted to presidential pardons and whether using an autopen to sign such documents raises legal doubts. Unlike bills, where explicit signatures are mandated by the Constitution, pardons only require that the president exercises his power. Therefore, if a president authorizes a pardon verbally, the use of an autopen for documentation does not invalidate it unless the president proves otherwise. Historical precedent suggests that clarity in the president's knowledge and intent regarding pardons is crucial.